PV characterization, referring to Photovoltaic characterization, is a crucial process in the evaluation and performance assessment of solar cells. It involves a comprehensive analysis of the electrical and optical properties of photovoltaic devices to understand their efficiency and behavior under various operating conditions. PV characterization techniques include current-voltage (I-V) measurements, quantum efficiency measurements, capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements, and spectral response measurements. These techniques provide insights into the device's power conversion efficiency, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, and other important parameters. PV characterization aids in optimizing solar cell designs, identifying performance limitations, and facilitating the development of more efficient and reliable photovoltaic technologies for sustainable energy generation.